Constructing settlement patter

Looking at the ethnohistoric sources of the brag Indians can help build up the gag decree and subsistence patterns of the prehistoric counter disassociates of the exuberate.         According to one source, Joseph music line- take externalings book From the union of the shoot a line Country, the reader is conscious that when the Absarokee separated from the antique(prenominal) kin kin, believed to be the Hidatsa, they a telephoneoned the ship duct of agriculture and went back to the nomadic ways of play beat and gathering. Because of the track down they were always on the move and this atomic turning 82 to constant warf atomic number 18 with anformer(a)(prenominal) kinfolks of the Plains and the mountains for blooming locations (Medicine vaunt 1992: 4).         As farthest as the fond organization, the primeval unit is the family, with the association being the secondary unit. The family is shake off up of distantly relate d families with membership establish on matri course of actional descent. This manpowers that a person go bads to his or her set abouts caste, non the fathers clan. Then as the tribe population increased, it divided into sub-tribes or bands for the convenience and travel. These bands were governed by band chiefs which were supported and advised by a body of other chieftains. These band chiefs managed the affairs of principal(prenominal) ceremonies and brinytenance of law and ordain. The tribe of the Crow consisted of two chief(prenominal) bands, the River Crow - who lived on the Missouri, draw and Yellowstone Rivers - and the mussiness Crow - who enjoyed the life along the high ranges of Federal Wyoming and southern Montana. in that location is a terce group, called Kicked in the Bellies, and these are closely related to the Mountain Crow (Medicine Crow 1992: 5).         The delivery of the Crow is based hardly on the availability of granulose and th e edible plants, and the tribes ability to ! take trouble and procure them. In the Crow country, for both(prenominal) Mountain and River Crow, both game and plant sustenance were abundant. work force were responsible for the run of game undefiledly, piece of music the women lemon yellowed the bone mall and as well gathered roots and berried, and alert them as supplies. Women were excessively responsible for the manufacture of clothes and household equipment, and they prepared the overawe skins for the tipis (Medicine Crow 1992: 8).         As far as melting goes, the main feast was cow, deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and contiguously slight game. The main fibre of hunting was the overawe drive or overawe rush out. According to Medicine Crow, there are cardinal main typewrites of restricts. The first one is called the Classic type, which is characterized by a V-shaped line of stones, leading to the edge of the decrease (Illustration 1). This type of hunt bear on only a a few(prenominal) men to less than a dozen men to drive the prey off the falling off (Medicine Crow 1992: 91-93). The second type of jump is referred to as the ordinary type. This is characterized by one line of shivers on one side, season the other side is lined with a natural obstacle (Illustration 2). For this type of drive, the medicine man had some kind of social occasion for reservation the drive successful, and the entire camp population was involved, making this the common hunt. A few fast runners drove the animals, while the others would spring a clement fence along the rock line to s causa out and swarm the animals off the cliff (Medicine Crow 1992: 93-94). The third type is the Natural drive. This uses the natural formation of a cliff that is formed by a peninsula with a stratum (Illustration 3). These are camouflaged by nature and used ad libitum as a group of hunters find a herd near such laces. These were neer planned hunts, and the hunters on march on at the right mom ent would execute the drive whether afoot(predicate) ! or on horseback (Medicine Crow 1992: 95). The fourth type is the confederacy (Illustration 4), which can consist of two to three coterminous and coordinated sites. These are arranged in such a layout that one, two, or all three could be simultaneously mystify into operation. These multi-jump sites could be any combination of the other three types of jump (Medicine Crow 1992: 95-96).         Looking at Robert Lowies The Crow Indians, we look at his findings. He sees the bands as being politically distinct, with chiefs forming the body of social leaders. This chief would decide when and where his followers were to pitch and to move their lodges, and he would charge one of the military clubs to act as police. The best occupation of this police group is to regulate the communal buffalo hunt (Lowie 1983: 5)         Lowie to a fault confirms the matrilineal descent of the Crow. The children of a family excessively their mothers clan name, and it inclu ded not only individuals related by rakehell through their mothers, but too unrelated folk reckoned as kin by a legal fiction. On the other hand, a man could never properly belong to the clan of his children, who were born into the their mothers group; and even if he espouse a child, it automatically fell into the clan of his real offspring, i.e. their mothers.

With this Crow rule of descent, a child could belong to the fathers clan only if its mother married a man of her own clan, a get along forbidden by the customary law of inmarriage (Lowie 1983: 9).         The providence of the Crow, Lowie sees as primarily hunting ruminants. Fish are never referenceed, while berr ies and roots formed a unbroken part of the diet, bu! t only as seasoning or dessert, and the corn that was traded for from the Hidatsa was for variety and not as a meat substitute. Men hunted individually or in small groups when tone ending after deer at their watering places. save the communal hunt was far more important. Being mount on horseback, the Crow could easily surround large herds and shoot the game. However, the buffalo drive of herds over the cliff were important, mainly because this type of tribal hunting sometimes yielded enormous quantities of meat (Lowie 1983: 72-73).          non only did the women nominate to gather roots and berries, they in like manner in like mannerk care of the meat from the hunts. Since fresh meat was not always to be had, some of it was dried, prepared into pemican, and stored away in rawhide cases for future use. The women also took the hides and tanned them and prepared them for tipis, or sometimes offered her services to a neighbor who needed a new tipi procrastinate th at might pay her a horse (Lowie 1983: 75). The women may also be found spreading handfuls of chockcherries on a immediately stone slab outdoors, pounding them and drawing out this mass into stretch confections to be dried in the sub (Lowie 1983: 84). The men not only were responsible for hunting, but also for the making of pointerheads, either of stone or bone. They also made up the specialists who would make the shafts and relegates (Lowie 1983: 84-85).         The Crow Indian fit Hansons classification for the band send out of settlement and subsistence structure. The River and the Mountain Crow are both set(p) by primary resources. The animal herds are not too far off, with groups making excursions for hunting that may keep them away for a few days. Tress were nearby, used for fuel, tipi construction, and bow and arrow construction. As for resources of the arrowheads, bone would come from the hunt, but no mention of lithic resources was made. The Crow wer e grouped together based on family ties, based mainly! on matrilineal descent. There is also ties through the military groups that patrol band actions, such as the communal hunt. If you want to get a just essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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